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I'm Ana and I want to contact the team of doctors who are registered with Galenos so they can help me find out what illness I have. Without further ado, I'll tell you... My name is Ana, as I told you before, I am 54 years old, I am diabetic but I take care of my illness and I follow the treatment and my diet correctly, I recently went on a tourist trip to Venice, the days I spent in the city everything was fine but one day before returning I began to feel itchy all over my body and I thought I had been poisoned. Upon arriving in Spain, my home country, I noticed that the itching disappeared spontaneously. Afterward, I developed some skin lesions all over my body, from the torso up. They were quite scattered, but they became more noticeable on my legs and thighs, which, of course, no longer caused any itching. Upon seeing this, I went to my family doctor, who noticed some strange things. -He told me that they looked like animal bites (Fleas) but he was deeply surprised that there was no evidence of any entry point if it was a bite, which cast some doubt on the diagnosis. Even so, I was given local treatment with creams (Lexxema). Days went by and the truth is that I didn't get much better. When I saw that there was no definitive resolution, I visited a professional again who was somewhat skeptical about what was still happening. He ordered some tests and thoroughly examined my lesions again and made sure they weren't (Petechiae), a term I didn't quite understand, but when he explained it to me I was able to understand and then he referred me to the dermatologist. The dermatology specialist spoke to me in medical terms that were almost incomprehensible to me. He diagnosed me with Dermatocystic Syndrome and ordered a skin biopsy, which shed no light on the condition since it was negative. I am currently being treated with creams and antihistamines. My underlying condition (Type II Diabetes) is under control, but the lesions on my legs remain permanently. Here are some photos so you can better understand the case and help me with it. I would appreciate an immediate response with a diagnosis and what I should do to solve this problem. For this, I leave you my email. (jos.roq.g@gmail.com) Thanks in advance. Doctors 24 hours RokinforSites.Jrock REQUEST YOUR DIAGNOSIS NOW . UPLOAD CASE TO THE FORUM RETURN TO GALENOS 24 HRS

Is Metformin the Key to Combatting Aging? Aging is a natural process we all face, but what if there was a way to slow it down and enjoy a longer, healthier life? That's a question that has intrigued scientists and health enthusiasts for decades. Recently, metformin  has emerged as a promising candidate in the search for the fountain of youth. What is Metformin and Why Does It Generate Expectations? Metformin is a first-line medication commonly used to treat Type 2 diabetes . Its primary mechanism of action involves reducing the amount of glucose  produced by the liver and improving insulin sensitivity  in the body's peripheral tissues. By doing so, it helps keep blood sugar levels under control. However, the interest in metformin extends beyond diabetes management. Various studies have revealed that its benefits could encompass general metabolic health  and, surprisingly, the fundamental processes of aging . This multifaceted potential makes it a fascinating subject of study in the field of gerocience. Metformin and the Hallmarks of Aging The aging process isn't a singular phenomenon but rather the result of the interplay of multiple factors at the cellular and molecular level, known as the "hallmarks of aging." Research suggests that metformin could positively influence several of these hallmarks: Mitochondrial Dysfunction:  Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of our cells. With age, their efficiency declines. Metformin has been shown to improve mitochondrial function, optimizing cellular energy production. Cellular Senescence:  Senescent cells are cells that have stopped dividing but remain metabolically active, secreting pro-inflammatory substances that damage surrounding tissues. Metformin has been observed to reduce the accumulation of these cells. Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging):  As we age, the body tends to develop a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, which contributes to various age-related diseases. Metformin possesses anti-inflammatory properties that could mitigate this process. Oxidative Stress:  An imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to neutralize them leads to oxidative stress, damaging cellular components. Metformin can enhance the body's antioxidant systems. Altered Nutrient Sensing:  Pathways like mTOR and AMPK regulate cellular responses to nutrients and stress. Metformin activates the AMPK pathway, which is associated with pro-longevity effects observed in animal models. Evidence in Animal Models and Human Epidemiological Studies The promise of metformin in the fight against aging isn't merely theoretical. Numerous preclinical studies  in model organisms have yielded hopeful results: In worms (C. elegans) , metformin has been shown to extend lifespan and improve stress resistance. In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) , similar effects on longevity have been observed. In mice , metformin has been associated with a longer lifespan, improved metabolic health, and a reduced incidence of age-related diseases such as cancer and heart disease. As for humans , the evidence primarily comes from epidemiological studies  that have analyzed cohorts of diabetic patients treated with metformin. These studies have suggested that individuals taking metformin for Type 2 diabetes might have: A lower incidence of certain types of cancer , including colorectal, liver, pancreatic, and breast cancer. A lower risk of cardiovascular diseases , despite having an inherent risk due to diabetes. Potentially, a reduction in all-cause mortality  compared to diabetic patients who do not use metformin or use other therapies. The TAME Trial: A Crucial Step Towards Confirmation To get a definitive answer on whether metformin can extend human life and prevent age-related diseases in non-diabetic individuals, an ambitious clinical trial has been proposed: the TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) Study . This trial, led by Dr. Nir Barzilai and his team at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, aims to recruit thousands of older non-diabetic adults to investigate whether metformin can delay the onset of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and cognitive decline. If this study shows positive results, it would represent a significant milestone in gerocience and could pave the way for the use of metformin as an anti-aging intervention. Important Considerations and Precautions Despite its potential, it's crucial to remember that metformin is a prescription medication , and its use for anti-aging purposes in people without diabetes is not approved by regulatory agencies like the FDA. Its administration must be strictly supervised by a healthcare professional . Some common side effects  include: Gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps), especially at the beginning of treatment. Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use, requiring monitoring and possible supplementation. Rarely, lactic acidosis, a serious but infrequent complication. It is essential not to self-medicate or view metformin as a "magic pill" for longevity. Conclusion: The Key or Part of the Puzzle? Metformin undoubtedly represents an exciting avenue  in aging research. Its effects on multiple key biological pathways and preliminary evidence in animal and human models position it as a promising candidate. However, we are in the early stages of fully understanding its impact on human longevity and whether its benefits outweigh the risks in a healthy population. While we await the results of large-scale investigations like the TAME study, the most effective strategy for healthy aging  remains a holistic approach: a balanced diet , regular physical exercise , stress management , adequate sleep , and regular medical check-ups . Metformin, in the future, could be a valuable piece in this complex longevity puzzle, but not the only one or the first. Bibliography Barzilai, N., Crandall, J. P., Kritchevsky, J. B., & Espeland, M. A. (2016). Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging. Cell Metabolism , 23(6), 1010–1015. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011 Campbell, J. M., Bellman, S. M., Stephenson, M. D., & Moran, H. M. (2017). Metformin reduces cancer risk and mortality in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE , 12(9), e0183145. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183145 Das, S., & Barzilai, N. (2020). The Metformin Longevity Study: TAME. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism , 22(Suppl 1), 13–18. DOI: 10.1111/dom.13962 Gonzales, J. B., & Barzilai, N. (2020). The Role of Metformin in Health and Longevity. In: Rattan S.I., Capasso S. (eds) Biogerontology: Current Status and Future Perspectives . Springer, Singapore. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4670-6_11 Novoselova, T. V., Iu, V., Kropotova, E. S., Malysheva, O. V., & Knorre, D. V. (2016). Metformin action on aging: Genetic and cellular mechanisms. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects , 1860(11), 2244–2253. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.012 Zheng, J., Yu, H., & Ma, X. (2020). Metformin and aging: A review. Aging Cell , 19(11), e13251. DOI: 10.1111/acel.13251 VIDEOS EDUCATIVOS...

A Practical Guide for Asthma Patients Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. While it has no cure, it can be well controlled. The main goal is to prevent asthma attacks, improve your quality of life, and allow you to carry out your daily activities without limitations. Here we explain how to achieve this step by step. 🔍 What Is an Asthma Attack? An asthma attack occurs when symptoms suddenly worsen. The airways become inflamed, narrow, and produce more mucus, making it difficult to breathe. Common symptoms during an attack: Difficulty breathing Wheezing (whistling sound when exhaling) Chest tightness Persistent coughing, especially at night or upon waking 🛡️ 10 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT ASTHMA ATTACKS 1. Know Your Triggers Each person has different factors that can trigger an attack. Some of the most common are: Dust and dust mites Pollen Tobacco smoke Sudden temperature changes Intense physical exercise (in some cases) Emotional stress 🔍 Tip:  Keep an asthma diary where you log your symptoms and potential triggers. 2. Follow Your Medical Treatment Properly It’s vital to take your medications exactly as prescribed, even when you feel well. Treatments usually include: Controller medications:  Taken daily to prevent inflammation Rescue medications:  Used only when acute symptoms appear 📌 Never stop or change your medication dose without consulting your doctor. 3. Have a Written Asthma Action Plan A personalized asthma action plan helps you know what to do if you have symptoms or an attack. It should include: Which medications to take during warning signs When to seek urgent medical care How to use a peak flow meter 👨‍⚕️ Ask your doctor to help you create it. 4. Avoid Allergens and Environmental Pollutants Protect your breathing environment with these simple actions: Use dust mite-proof covers on mattresses and pillows Clean carpets and curtains regularly Avoid tobacco smoke at home and in public places Use face masks in highly polluted environments 5. Prepare Before Exercising If you're sensitive to exercise, use your rescue inhaler a few minutes beforehand (if your doctor recommends it) and warm up properly. 💡 Exercise is healthy, but it must be done safely. 6. Monitor Outdoor Air Quality Check your city’s pollution index daily. On days with high pollution: Limit prolonged outdoor activities Keep windows closed Use air purifiers indoors 7. Manage Stress and Anxiety Stress can influence the frequency and severity of attacks. Practice techniques like: Meditation Gentle yoga Diaphragmatic breathing 🧘‍♂️ Mental calm also protects your lungs. 8. Get Vaccinated Against Flu and Pneumonia Respiratory infections can trigger severe attacks. Protect yourself yearly with the flu shot and other vaccines recommended by your doctor. 💉 Especially important for moderate or severe asthma. 9. Learn to Use Your Inhaler Correctly Many patients don’t use their inhalers properly, reducing the effectiveness of treatment. Be sure to: Shake the inhaler before use Inhale deeply at the same time you activate the device Use a spacer if needed 👩‍⚕️ Ask your doctor or pharmacist to show you how to do it correctly. 10. Visit Your Specialist Regularly See your pulmonologist or allergist periodically to monitor your condition, adjust treatment if needed, and learn more about asthma. 🗓️ Remember: asthma can change over time, and your treatment should adapt accordingly. 🚨 When to Seek Emergency Care Seek immediate medical help if: Your rescue inhaler doesn’t relieve symptoms You have severe difficulty breathing Your lips or nails turn blue You can’t speak due to shortness of breath 💬 Conclusion Avoiding asthma attacks is possible if you understand your condition, follow your treatment, and take preventive measures. With commitment and medical support, you can live a full, active life without fear of asthma attacks. 🌟 Your breathing matters! Take care of your respiratory health every day. 📚 References and Sources To ensure accuracy and updated information, this guide is based on internationally recognized sources: Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Annual updated guidelines: https://ginasthma.org/ American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) Clinical info and patient resources: https://acaai.org/asthma/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) – NIH National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP): https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma World Health Organization (WHO) Global asthma information: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma American Lung Association Patient education resources: https://www.lung.org/research-science/copd-asthma-other-diseases/asthma Ministry of Health of Spain National asthma management guidelines: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/prevPromocion/epidemiologiaEESS/home.htm Peer-reviewed scientific journals: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (JACI)European Respiratory Journal VIDEOS EDUCATIVOS Galenos 24 hrs Qwen. 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The preventive treatments for migraine with the greatest impact are those that significantly reduce frequency, intensity, and duration of attacks. The choice depends on the type of migraine, episode frequency, and patient characteristics. Here are the most effective and recommended options based on clinical evidence: 🧠 High-Impact Preventive Treatments for Migraine First-line oral medications Beta-blockers: Propranolol, metoprolol, atenololEffective for migraine with or without aura.Contraindicated in asthma or bradycardia. Tricyclic antidepressants: AmitriptylineUseful if insomnia or depression coexist.Side effects: drowsiness, weight gain. Antiepileptics: Topiramate (effective, but may cause weight loss and paresthesias).Valproic acid (not recommended in women of childbearing age without contraception). Calcium channel blockers: Flunarizine (widely used in Europe).Effective, but may cause drowsiness or weight gain. Anti-CGRP biological treatments Erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, eptinezumabMonoclonal antibodies that inhibit calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor.High efficacy, few side effects.Indicated for chronic migraine or frequent episodes when conventional treatments fail.Expensive, but highly impactful. Botulinum toxin type A (Botox®) Only for chronic migraine (>15 days/month).Periodic injections every 12 weeks.Sustained reduction in number of headache days. 🧘‍♀️ Effective non-pharmacological treatments (complementary or alternative) Cognitive-behavioral therapies: stress and anxiety as triggers. Biofeedback and mindfulness Regular aerobic exercise: 3–5 times per week Acupuncture: moderate evidence of effectiveness Avoid known triggers: fasting, irregular sleep, alcohol, bright lights, hormonal changes, etc. 🎯 When to Start Preventive Treatment ≥4 migraine days per month Migraine with prolonged aura or severe neurological symptoms Attacks that do not respond well to acute treatment Patients with a high degree of disability 🧩 Individualized Preventive Migraine Treatment 👩‍⚕️ 1. Young woman (<40 years), migraine with aura, no comorbidities First line: Propranolol (20–40 mg 2–3 times/day) → good efficacyTopiramate (25–100 mg/day) → effective, but monitor cognitive side effects Alternatives: Erenumab if ≥4 episodes/month and poor response to classical drugs Avoid: Oral estrogens (combined hormonal contraceptives) → risk of vascular events if migraine with aura 🛌 2. Migraine with associated insomnia or anxiety First line: Amitriptyline (10–25 mg at night) → improves sleep, anxiety, and migraine Alternative: Propranolol or flunarizine if no response or bothersome side effects 💼 3. Young professional with high stress and frequent migraines First line: Topiramate or propranolol depending on toleranceAdd cognitive-behavioral therapy or mindfulness If ineffective: Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody Complementary: Magnesium or riboflavin as supplements 🔄 4. Chronic migraine (>15 days/month) First line: Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) every 12 weeksOr anti-CGRP antibody (erenumab, etc.) Possible combination: Botox + Topiramate or AmitriptylineStrict control of overuse of acute medication ♿ 5. Patient with migraine and medication intolerance Non-pharmacological therapies: AcupunctureMindfulnessAerobic exercise Useful supplements: Magnesium (400 mg/day)Riboflavin (400 mg/day)Coenzyme Q10 👵 6. Perimenopausal woman or with irregular menstrual cycles If catamenial migraine (related to menstruation):Short-acting triptans (zolmitriptan, naratriptan) as preventive during perimenstrual daysMagnesium for 5 days before menstruation Avoid: High-dose estrogens Alternative: Topiramato or beta-blockers if attacks are not clearly menstrual VIDEO... 📚 Recommended bibliography American Headache Society (AHS). The American Headache Society Position https://rokinfor.wixsite.com/dr-roqueglez/group/recomendacion-profesional/discussion/00c95d3a-7a95-4b3a-851e-8f9e1ed7d70d Statement on Integrating New Migraine Treatments into Clinical Practice. Headache. 2019;59(1):1–18. European Headache Federation (EHF). Guideline on the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP pathway for migraine prevention. J Headache Pain. 2022;23(1):67. NICE (UK). Migraine: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG150]. Published: March 17, 2021.www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng150 Sociedad Española de Neurología (SEN). Guía oficial de práctica clínica en cefaleas. Last updated: 2022. Lipton RB, et al. Efficacy and safety of erenumab for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: a randomized, double-blind study. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(6):425–434. Silberstein SD, et al. Evidence-based guideline update: pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults. Neurology. 2012;78(17):1337–1345.

Submitted by:  Ana Editor:  Dr. Roque/Glez. Photo Credit:  Dr. Roque/Glez. Rating:  0 out of 5 stars – No ratings yet Patient Introduction Hello, my name is Ana. I’m reaching out to the medical team subscribed to Galenos  to help me determine what illness I might be suffering from. I appreciate your attention and hope to receive guidance as soon as possible. Medical Background I am 54 years old and have Type II Diabetes, which I manage carefully through proper treatment and diet. Recently, I took a tourist trip to Venice. Everything was fine during my stay—until the day before returning home, when I began to experience widespread itching across my entire body. I initially assumed it was a reaction to something I had eaten. Symptom Evolution Once I returned to Spain (my home country), the itching resolved spontaneously. However, soon after, I developed skin lesions that spread across my upper body. These lesions were scattered but most visible on my thighs and legs. They no longer cause itching. First Medical Consultation I visited my primary care physician, who found the case unusual. He suggested they could be insect bites (possibly fleas), but was puzzled by the absence of any visible entry point. Despite this, he prescribed a topical cream (Lexxema). After several days with minimal improvement, I returned for a follow-up. The physician became more skeptical and ordered blood tests, carefully re-evaluated the lesions, and ruled out petechiae after explaining the term to me. He then referred me to a dermatologist. Specialist Consultation The dermatologist used medical terms that were difficult for me to understand. He mentioned a Dermatositic Syndrome  and ordered a skin biopsy , which unfortunately came back negative and did not clarify the diagnosis. I am currently being treated with topical creams and oral antihistamines. My diabetes remains well-controlled, but the lesions persist—especially on my legs. Request for Assistance I have included several images to help visualize the case and support your assessment. I would be deeply grateful for an immediate response, including: A possible diagnosis Steps to resolve or manage the condition Thank you in advance for your support. Galenos 24 hrs   RokinforSites.Jrock   REDES SOCIALES Fb    Twx   Yt   Tt    Itg

In the world of diabetes, insulin administration is a crucial daily task. However, thanks to technological advances, there are increasingly more options to simplify this process. One of these advances is insulin patches, a convenient and effective way to administer this vital hormone for those living with diabetes. What are insulin patches? Insulin patches are small, thin devices that adhere to the skin and deliver insulin continuously for a set period of time. These patches are designed to be discreet and comfortable to wear, making them a popular choice for those who want to avoid multiple injections or the use of insulin pumps. Shutterstock Copyright: How do they work? The way insulin patches work is quite simple. These devices contain an insulin reservoir and a delivery system that releases controlled doses of the hormone through the skin. Some patches are designed to be single-use, while others can last several days before needing to be replaced. Advantages of Insulin Patches Ease of Use: Insulin patches eliminate the need to carry syringes and insulin vials, greatly simplifying the administration process. Discretion: Because they are thin and adhere to the skin, insulin patches are virtually invisible under clothing, allowing users to live normal lives without drawing attention to their condition. Precise Control: Insulin patches are designed to deliver precise doses of insulin, helping maintain optimal control of blood glucose levels. Less Pain: For those afraid of needles, insulin patches offer a pain-free alternative to traditional injections. Important Considerations Although insulin patches offer many advantages, it is important to remember that they are not suitable for all patients with diabetes. Some people may have allergic reactions to the patches' adhesives, and certain skin types may not be suitable for use. It is always essential to consult with a healthcare professional before changing any insulin delivery method. In short, insulin patches represent an innovative option to simplify insulin administration for people with diabetes. Their convenience, discretion, and accuracy make them a valuable tool in managing this chronic disease. Available Patch-Type Insulin Devices Devices such as the CeQur Simplicity and V-Go, approved by the FDA, allow for continuous insulin delivery. These devices are designed for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, offering an alternative to multiple daily injections. beyondtype1.org howitworks.es +1 beyondtype1.org +1 Patch Pumps Patch pumps are devices that deliver insulin continuously and adhere directly to the skin. They offer a more discreet and comfortable option for intensive insulin therapy, overcoming some barriers associated with traditional pumps. diabetes.ac+9revistadiabetes.org+9elespanol.com+9 Development of Electronic Patches Self-adhesive electronic patches containing enough insulin for several days are being investigated, reducing the need for frequent injections and improving patients' quality of life. fisiostar.com These advances reflect the ongoing effort to improve insulin administration and the quality of life of people with diabetes by offering less invasive and more comfortable alternatives to traditional injections. Sources Copyright GPT Chat Collaboration Galenos 24 hrs. Bibliography Consulted. **"Microneedle-array patches loaded with hypoxia-sensitive vesicles provide fast glucose-responsive insulin delivery"** Authors: Jicheng Yu, Yuqi Zhang, Yanqi Ye, Rocco DiSanto, Wujin Sun. Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015. Abstract: This study presents a microneedle patch that releases insulin in response to elevated glucose levels, demonstrating efficacy in mouse models of diabetes. Scienc **"A smart insulin patch"** Authors: Omid Veiseh, Robert Langer. Published in: Nature, 2015. Abstract: The potential of smart insulin patches that detect elevated glucose levels and respond by releasing insulin, offering a less painful and more reliable way to manage diabetes, is discussed. **"Glu​cose-Responsive Microneedle Patches for Diabetes Treatment"** Authors: Guojun Chen, Jicheng Yu, Zhen Gu. Published in: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 2019.